Background
My research interests are in traffic operations, safety, and automated driving systems. Non-transportation work includes prediction market regulation, gun violence prevention, and open records requests.
- PhD Civil Engineering, University of Virginia
- Licensed Professional Engineer, Virginia
I will help any graduate student, within reason, for free, with no questions asked.
Curriculum vitae | Google Scholar | ORCID | Web of Science
Publications
Emergency Management Strategies for Electric Vehicles. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 26-R30. 2026.
PDF | Link
Evaluating the Virginia Department of Transportation’s Potential Use of Electric Pickup Trucks Using Field Test Data. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 26-R24. With Erin Robartes. 2025.
PDF | Link
Evaluation of A Truck In-Cab Alert System. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 25-R26. With Chien-Lun Lan. 2025.
PDF | Link
Large-Area Emergency Lockdowns with Automated Driving Systems. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management. 2025.
Published Version (Open Access) | Preprint
Transportation Operations Center Operator Retention and Workload Mitigation Strategies. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 25-R19. 2025.
PDF | Link
Comparability of Automated Vehicle Crash Databases. Journal of Safety Research. 2025.
Preprint | Published Version
Strategies to Improve Morale and Retention in Transportation Management Centers. International Journal of Transportation and Logistics Research. 2025.
Published Version (Open Access) | Preprint
A Note on Tesla's Revised Safety Report Crash Rates. Traffic Safety Research. 2024.
Published Version (Open Access) | Preprint
Data and Methods to Estimate Connected and Automated Vehicle Penetration Rates. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 24-R7. 2024.
PDF | Link
Methods to Estimate Advanced Driver Assistance System Penetration Rates in the United States. White Paper. 2024.
Preprint
Normalizing Crash Risk of Partially Automated Vehicles under Sparse Data. Journal of Transportation Safety & Security. 2023.
Preprint | Published Version | Data
Evaluation of Crowdsourced Data on Unplowed Roads. Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. 2023.
Preprint
Feasibility of Battery Electric Pickup Trucks in a State Department of Transportation Fleet. With Erin Robartes. Transportation Research Record. 2023.
Preprint | Published Version
Evaluation of a Transit Bus Collision Avoidance Warning System. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 22-R18. With Peter Ohlms. 2022.
PDF | Link
Cost of Congestion Due to Incidents on Freeways. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 22-R15. With Chien-Lun Lan, Mo Zhao, and James Gillespie. 2021.
PDF | Link
Potential Crash Rate Benchmarks for Automated Vehicles. Transportation Research Record. 2021.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster
Comparison of Automated Vehicle Struck-from-Behind Crash Rates with National Rates Using Naturalistic Data. Accident Analysis & Prevention. 2021.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster | Data
Assessing the Impact of Automated and Connected Automated Vehicles on Virginia Freeways. Transportation Research Record. With Kevin Heaslip, Bumsik Kim, Mirla Abi Aad, and Antonio Fuentes. 2021.
Published Version
Non-Technological Challenges for the Remote Operation of Automated Vehicles. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice. 2020.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster | Data
Assessment of Capacity Changes Due to Automated Vehicles on Interstate Corridors. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VTRC 21-R1. With Kevin Heaslip, Bumsik Kim, and Mirla Abi Aad. 2020.
PDF | Link
Car-following Characteristics of Adaptive Cruise Control from Empirical Data. Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems. With Chien-Lun Lan. 2020.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster | Data
Bounds on Permissible Automated Vehicle Behavior on Virginia Freeways. 27th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. Los Angeles, CA. 2020 (Cancelled due to COVID-19).
Preprint
Estimating Incident Impacts in Real Time. 27th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. Los Angeles, CA. 2020 (Cancelled due to COVID-19).
Preprint
More than Trolleys: Plausible, Ethically Ambiguous Scenarios likely to Be Encountered by Automated Vehicles. Transfers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Mobility Studies. 2019.
Preprint | Published Version
Comparison of Waze Crash and Disabled Vehicle Records with Video Ground Truth. Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. With Eun (Tina) Lee. 2019.
Published Version (Open Access)
How to Think About Driverless Vehicles: Review of Driverless by Hod Lipson and Melba Kurman. American Journal of Public Health. 2018.
Preprint | Published Version
Video of Uber Self-Driving Car’s Fatal Crash Raises More Questions. IEEE Spectrum | Cars That Think Blog. 2018.
Link
Effect of Signal Control on Bimodal Travel Time Distributions. Proceedings of the 97th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. 2018.
Preprint | Link | Poster | Data
From Trolleys to Risk: Models for Ethical Autonomous Driving. Editorial in American Journal of Public Health. 2017.
Preprint | Published Version
Probability of Secondary Crash Occurrence on Freeways with the Use of Private-Sector Speed Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2017.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster
Fundamental Characteristics of Wi-Fi and Wireless Local Area Network Re-identification for Transportation. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 2017.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster | Data
Away From Trolley Problems and Toward Risk Management. Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2016.
Preprint | Published Version | Slides
Can You Program Ethics Into a Self-Driving Car? IEEE Spectrum. 2016.
Link
Traffic Incident Management Quick Clearance Guidance and Implications. Report for the Virginia Transportation Research Council: FHWA/VCTIR 16-R9. With Lance Dougald and Ramkumar Venkatanarayana. 2016.
PDF | Link
Microscopic Estimation of Freeway Vehicle Positions from the Behavior of Connected Vehicles. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems: Technology, Planning, and Operations. With Brian L. Smith and Byungkyu “Brian” Park. 2016.
Preprint | Published Version
Ethical Decision Making during Automated Vehicle Crashes. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2014.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster
Vehicle Automation and the Duty to Act. Proceedings of the 21st World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. Detroit, MI. 2014.
Published Version | Slides
Machine Ethics and Automated Vehicles. In Meyer, G. and Beiker, S. (eds.) Road Vehicle Automation, Lecture Notes in Mobility Series. Springer, Berlin. 2014.
Preprint | Published Version
Microscopic Estimation of Arterial Vehicle Positions in a Low-Penetration-Rate Connected Vehicle Environment. Journal of Transportation Engineering. With Byungkyu “Brian” Park and Brian L. Smith. 2014.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster
Traffic Signal Control with Connected Vehicles. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. With Brian L. Smith and Byungkyu “Brian” Park. 2013.
Preprint | Published Version | Poster | Dissertation
Real-Time Prediction of Vehicle Locations in a Connected Vehicle Environment. Report for Virginia Center for Transportation Innovation and Research: VCTIR 14-R4. 2013.
PDF | Summary
Microscopic Estimation of Freeway Vehicle Positions Using Mobile Sensors. Proceedings of the 91st Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. With Brian L. Smith and Byungkyu “Brian” Park. 2012.
Published Version | Record Link | Poster | Slides
Arterial Performance Measures in a Connected Vehicle Environment. Proceedings of the 18th World Congress on Intelligent Transport Systems. Orlando, Florida. With Brian L. Smith and Ramkumar Venkatanarayana. 2011.
PDF | Slides
What Drives Decisions of Single-Occupant Travelers in High-Occupancy Vehicle Lanes? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. With Brian L. Smith. 2010.
Preprint | Published Version | Master’s Thesis
An Investigation Into the Impact of Rainfall on Freeway Traffic Flow. Proceedings of the 83rd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board. With Brian L. Smith, Kristi Byrne, Rachel Copperman, and Susan Hennessy. 2004.
Preprint
Media
Interviewed in New York Times, CNN, Wired, Scientific American, Associated Press, BBC, CBC, Time, Reason, and others.